Cardano’s scaling solution based on ZK Rolloups unveiled 

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Symbiosis

The offi­cial blog post by the team behind Car­dano’s first ZK Rollup dubbed ‘Orbis’ revealed how the solu­tion will allow the net­work to tack­le those scal­ing prob­lems Hydra won’t be able to solve.

ZK Rollups lever­age com­pu­ta­tion and ver­i­fi­ca­tion of trans­ac­tions to be per­formed on a spe­cial­ized off-chain network.

The revealed Lay­er 2 solu­tion is sup­posed to sup­port greater through­put for DeFi appli­ca­tions, with­out putting Cardano’s Lay­er 1 secu­ri­ty guar­an­tees at stake. 

Orbis design 

“We pro­pose Orbis as the best pos­si­ble scal­ing solu­tion as it main­tains all the core design prin­ci­ples of the Car­dano blockchain while hav­ing the abil­i­ty to scale the net­work to where it can safe­ly host Real­Fi and DeFi appli­ca­tions at mass scale,” explained the pro­to­col in a blog. 

As Cardano’s dapp ecosys­tem and user base expands, the num­ber of trans­ac­tions that can be processed at any giv­en moment is bound to scale–otherwise con­ges­tion issues will hin­der the network’s growth.

ZK Rollups are Lay­er 2 solu­tions for increased scal­a­bil­i­ty that, in short, bun­dle, or “roll-up,” a batch of trans­ac­tions into a sin­gle “zero knowl­edge” proof.

With Orbis, like with oth­er ZK Rollups out there, each batch gen­er­ates a cryp­to­graph­ic proof, a so-called ZK-SNARK that is sub­mit­ted on-chain to the Lay­er 1 and verified.

ZK-SNARKs stored on main­net essen­tial­ly prove that “for some set of inputs and some set of out­puts, there exists a set of trans­ac­tions which were signed by the rel­e­vant par­ties and which fol­lowed the rules of the rel­e­vant smart con­tracts,” explained the blog.

As such, Orbis could dras­ti­cal­ly increase Cardano’s trans­ac­tion through­put, since the main­net only records the inputs, the out­puts, and the proof that those out­puts result­ed from the inputs in accor­dance to blockchain’s rules, the team behind the pro­to­col explained.

Roadmap

Orbis fea­tures two main components–the off-chain sys­tem, or ‘Prover,’ and the co-called ‘Ver­i­fi­er,’ which is essen­tial­ly an on-chain smart contract.

While Prover will con­struct ZK-SNARK proofs, Ver­i­fi­er will set­tle trans­ac­tions on Cardano.

In its ini­tial release, Orbis will launch with a sin­gle Prover oper­at­ed by Orbis Labs, how­ev­er, it is intend­ed to tran­si­tion into a ful­ly decen­tral­ized, dis­trib­uted stack.

Accord­ing to the blog, “full decen­tral­iza­tion of the prover means that there is no com­put­er, indi­vid­ual or trust­ed enti­ty which is a sin­gle point of fail­ure,” and con­sti­tutes an “even­tu­al goal and com­mit­ment of the project.”

Fur­ther­more, Orbis will allow Plu­tusTx smart con­tracts to be eas­i­ly port­ed over, and in addi­tion, sup­port new pro­gram­ming languages–Pluto and Plutarch–alternatives for writ­ing on-chain scripts. 

Both pro­gram­ming lan­guages “opti­mize for effi­cient on-chain deploy­ment by using zero-cost abstrac­tions over Plu­tus Core.”

By being built using the Halo 2 ZK prov­ing sys­tem devel­oped by Elec­tric Coin Co.–Zcash–Orbis sup­ports recur­sive proofs, essen­tial­ly allow­ing the devel­op­ment of appli­ca­tion spe­cif­ic rollups for spe­cif­ic use cas­es such as DeFi, NFTs, sup­ply chains and micropayments. 

“We expect the gen­er­al user and devel­op­er com­mu­ni­ty on Car­dano to find a famil­iar envi­ron­ment on the Orbis Lay­er 2 with more niche appli­ca­tions build­ing their own bespoke rollup solu­tions which remain com­pos­able with oth­er rollups and the under­ly­ing lay­er 2 Orbis,” con­clud­ed the blog, pre­dict­ing a thriv­ing and inter­op­er­a­ble DeFi ecosys­tem built on Orbis.

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